International commercial risk
How to verify an alleged EN590 TTT transaction in Rotterdam or Houston tanks
An offer may look complete and still fail to prove product, title, tank access or transfer capacity. Effective verification connects each document to an independent source and an operational consequence.
1. Define the exact claim
Specify product, grade, volume, terminal, tank, owner, contractual seller, TTT procedure, inspector, title-transfer point and payment condition. Broad wording such as “product in Houston” or “tanks in Rotterdam” is not verifiable.
2. Separate location, custody and ownership
Product may be physically held at a terminal while the seller lacks ownership, disposal rights or authority to order a transfer. Custody, title and operational control are different concepts.
3. Verify the terminal operator independently
Obtain the domain, telephone number and contact person from institutional or corporate sources, not solely from supplied documents. The terminal should confirm only what it is legally authorised to confirm.
4. Review the TSA and storage rights
Check parties, validity, facility, capacity, tank, permitted product, nomination rights, restrictions and outstanding balances. A genuine agreement may be expired, belong to another entity or grant fewer rights than claimed.
5. Do not treat “proof of product” as universal proof
An invoice, TSR, ATV, dip-test authorisation, allocation letter or inspection report covers only part of the issue. Authenticity, date, issuer, addressee, scope and connection to the current seller must be tested.
6. Define Q&Q inspection
The buyer should know who appoints and pays the inspector, which tank is inspected, the method used, sampling procedure, report recipient and consequences of non-compliant quantity or quality.
7. Test whether TTT is physically executable
Tank-to-tank requires identified tanks, transfer lines or equipment, compatibility, an operating window, approvals, nomination and terminal acceptance. The acronym TTT proves none of these conditions.
8. Connect payment to title transfer
The contract must state which documentary and operational condition precedes payment, when title passes, what happens to risk and which remedy applies if transfer cannot be completed.
9. Review the intermediary chain
Every additional intermediary increases the risk of distortion, duplicate offers and false authority. The principal must be identifiable and any mandate independently confirmed.
10. Decide through conditions, not impressions
Classify the result as verified, plausible but pending, contradictory or unverifiable. Do not proceed because documents accumulate; proceed only when critical conditions are confirmed by independent sources.
Related route
Turn the guide into a structured review
Use the ET-001 Commercial Due Diligence Checklist, the ET-002 Counterparty Risk & Decision Model and the EN590 due diligence service for Rotterdam and Houston.
This content is informational. It does not certify a specific offer or replace legal advice, physical inspection or specialist bank verification.